Cougle Lab

• Digital Interventions

  We have conducted a series of clinical trials evaluating smartphone-based interventions across a range of clinical populations. Our recent work has focused on safety behaviors, which are behavioral and cognitive strategies taken to avoid, prevent, or escape perceived threats and the anxiety associated with them. Safety behaviors occur across anxiety and related disorders and are thought to contribute to symptom maintenance. We have evaluated brief smartphone-based interventions targeting safety behaviors associated with social anxiety (Cougle et al., 2020; Zech, Patel, & Cougle, 2025), appearance concerns (Patel & Cougle, 2024, 2025, 2026), and pathological worry (Sala & Cougle, under review). We have also evaluated computerized interventions designed to reduce hostile interpretation biases and their consequences, including anger and aggression (Cougle et al., 2017; Smith, Dillon, & Cougle, 2018; Zech, Patel, Zvolensky, Schmidt, & Cougle, 2024), as well as interventions targeting interpretation biases in body dysmorphic disorder (Summers & Cougle, 2016; Wilver & Cougle, 2019).

• Appearance Concerns

  Concerns about physical appearance are central to body dysmorphic disorder, though they are also relevant to eating disorders and social anxiety. Accordingly, our lab has increasingly examined appearance concerns as a transdiagnostic construct. Our research has provided evidence supporting their relevance across diagnostic presentations (Patel, Moore, & Cougle, 2026; Stewart et al., 2024) and has produced novel measures of mechanisms thought to maintain them, including appearance importance (Patel, Summers, & Cougle, 2023) and appearance-related safety behaviors (ARSBs; Patel, Stewart, Summers, Wilver, & Cougle, 2022). Across several studies, we have also found that ARSBs contribute to the maintenance of appearance concerns.

• High Dosage Experiments

  We have conducted several studies using experimental manipulations that extend over longer periods of time than traditional laboratory experiments and are implemented in participants' daily lives. As with traditional experiments, the purpose of the study is concealed from participants. These "high-dosage experiments" (Cougle, 2025) offer several potential advantages over traditional laboratory paradigms, as they may produce larger and more reliable effects while providing greater ecological validity. They may also allow for more precise tests of mechanisms than traditional clinical trials, which typically evaluate multicomponent treatments that influence several mechanisms simultaneously and whose results may depend on the strength of the comparison condition. To date, we have used this approach to examine appearance-related safety behavior (Patel & Cougle, 2024; Summers & Cougle, 2018; Wilver, Summers, & Cougle, 2020), social safety behavior (Stentz & Cougle, 2022), social media use (Patel, Garron, Jones, & Cougle, 2026), appearance comparison, and reassurance-seeking.

• Tapan Patel
  

  Tapan graduated from Southeastern University with a B.S. in Psychology and from University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill with his M.S. in Clinical Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling. Prior to coming to Florida State, Tapan worked with Drs. Jean Beckham and Nathan Kimbrel in the Traumatic Stress and Health Research Lab at the Durham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Duke University Medical Center for two years. There he worked on studies of nonsuicidal self-injury, moral injury, substance use, and PTSD in veterans. His research interests include the development and validation of technology-based assessments and interventions for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as well as anxiety and trauma related disorders. He is also interested in quantitative methodology including structural equation modeling, multilevel modeling, and machine learning.

  patel@psy.fsu.edu

• James Zech
  

  James graduated from Dartmouth College with a B.A. in Philosophy and Economics and from Teachers College, Columbia University, with an M.A. in Clinical Psychology. Prior to joining the Cougle Lab, James worked as a clinical research coordinator at Talkspace. While at Talkspace, he worked principally on developing assessments of therapist competence and identifying predictors of client engagement. His research interests include digital interventions for anxiety, natural language processing, and relational change processes in psychotherapy.

  zech@psy.fsu.edu

• Victoria Swaine
  

  Victoria graduated from Auburn University with a B.A. in Psychology and from the University of North Carolina-Wilmington with her M.A. in Psychological Science. Prior to coming to Florida State, Victoria worked with Drs. David Goldston and Kate Nooner on the NCANDA Study at the Duke University site for two years. During her time there, she examined substance use in adolescents over time related to brain changes. Her research interests include developing targeted intervention and prevention programs aimed at evaluating risk factors and enhancing resilience in those who have experienced trauma, with the goal of supporting long-term resilient mental health. She is also interested in examining social support, loneliness, and attachment styles in the context of social anxiety and trauma.

  swaine@psy.fsu.edu

• Maddie Moore
  

  Maddie graduated from William & Mary with a B.S. in Psychology. Prior to coming to Florida State, Maddie worked as a research assistant/diagnostic interviewer at the Rhode Island Hospital through Brown University’s Warren Alpert Medical School. During this time, she also pursued an external collaboration with the OCD Institute at McLean Hospital, where she examined the impact of ACT-informed ERP on OCD outcomes. Her research interests include the development of transdiagnostic, technology-based interventions for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as well as anxiety and depressive disorders. She is also interested in examining particular transdiagnostic features maintaining these disorders such as reassurance seeking and perfectionism.

  moorem@psy.fsu.edu

• Matt Sala
  

  Matt graduated from the University of South Florida with a B.S. in Marine Biology and a minor in Psychology. Prior to coming to Florida State, Matt worked as a research assistant for two years at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. There he worked on studies of suicide within military populations, specifically aimed at improving suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention programs within the Department of Defense. His research interests include developing and validating interventions that target transdiagnostic factors associated with anxiety disorders such as affect instability and treatment seeking. He is also interested in developing and evaluating interventions aimed at cultivating meaning and purpose in life in the context of anxiety disorders.

  sala@psy.fsu.edu

• Allison Perez

  Allison N. Perez is the Lab Manager of the Cougle Lab. She will be graduating from Florida State University in Spring 2025 with a B.S in Psychology and a minor in Child Development. Along with her lab manager position here at the Cougle Lab, Allison has served as a DIS assistant in the lab, a crisis text line volunteer, a member of the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program at FSU, a committee member for the Mental Health Council, an Honors Program student, and is currently completing her honors thesis under Dr. Cougle’s supervision. After graduation, she plans on working in various research settings and later applying to graduate school for a PhD in either Clinical Psychology or Neuropsychology. Her research interests currently involve neuropsychology, anxiety disorders, and the connection that exists between social media platforms and mental health.

  anp22c@fsu.edu

Former Graduate Students

• Sarah Redden

  Sarah Redden is a postdoctoral fellow at Dartmouth Hitchock Medical Center.

• Nora Mueller

  Nora Mueller is a licensed Clinical Psychologist at the Cognitive Behavior Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

• Katherine McDermott

  Katherine McDermott is a postdoctoral fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital.

• Lauren Stentz

  Lauren Stentz is a clinical psychologist in the Tampa VA Health Services department.

• Natalie Matheny Wilver

  Natalie Wilver is a licensed Clinical Psychologist.

• Hillary Smith

  Hillary is a Clinical Psychologist in the Orlando VA Healthcare System.

• Berta Summers

  Berta Summers is a licensed Clinical Psychologist who is also affiliated with the Center for OCD and Related Disorders at Massachusetts General Hospital.

• Richard Macatee

  Richard is currently an assistant professor at Auburn University.

• Shivali Sarawgi

  Shivali is currently a pediatric psychologist and assistant professor at Cincinnati Childrens Hospital and the University of Cincinnati respectively.

• Kristin Fitch

  Kristin is currently a clinical psychologist, co-owner, and director of clinical training at RISE Center for OCD and Anxiety.

• Kirsten Dillon

  Kirsten is currently a Clinical Associate in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Medical Center.

• *Patel, T. A., *Perez, A., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). The effects of thinspiration social media on overvaluation of appearance, safety behavior, and appearance concerns. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 28, 717-722.
• *Sala, M. C., Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Posttraumatic belief in a dangerous world: Demographic and clinical correlates in a large-scale epidemiological study. Psychiatry Research, 351. , 116623.
• *Zech, J. M., Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Prevalence and correlates of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorder in DSM-5 generalized anxiety disorder: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 115, 103060.
• *Patel, T. A., *Sala, M. C., Dillon, K. H., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Posttraumatic anger in a national sample: Demographic and clinical correlates. Journal of Psychiatric Research,189, 50-55.
• *Zech, J. M., *Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Safety behavior fading for social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial of a self-monitoring intervention. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 115, 103068.
• *Patel, T. A., *Swaine, V. K., *Sala, M. C., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Demographic and clinical associations of worst event trauma among a nationally representative sample of individuals with PTSD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 188, 37-42.
• *Patel, T. A., *Zech, J. M., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Two studies on the role of appearance concerns in social anxiety and depression. Behavior Therapy, 56(6), 1082-1095.
• *Patel, T. A., *Robison, M., & Cougle, J. R. (2025). Item response theory analysis and differential item functioning of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Assessment, 32 (8), 1293-1305.
• Cougle, J. R. (2025). The utility of high-dosage experiments in everyday life to test theories in clinical science. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science (formerly Journal of Abnormal Psychology), 134, 213-214.
• *Patel, T. A. & Cougle J. R. (in press). Safety behavior reduction for appearance concerns: A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone–based intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
• *Patel, T. A. & Cougle, J. R. (2025). A pilot open trial of a text message safety behavior fading intervention for appearance concerns among women. Behavior Therapy, 56, 352-365.
• *Patel, T. A., *Zech, J. M., & Cougle, J. R. (2024). Do appearance related safety behaviors contribute to distress intolerance? A multi–method examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 182, 104617.
• *Zech, J. M., *Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2024) Correlates of treatment-seeking in DSM–5 generalized anxiety disorder: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 106, 102909.
• *Patel, T. A., *Cole, S. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2024). Correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among individuals with DSM–5 social anxiety disorder: A population–based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 360, 55–61.
• *Clark, S. A., *Patel, T. A., & Cougle J. R. (2024). Is repeated mistake–making an effective treatment strategy for perfectionism? Findings from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 84, 101964.
• *Patel, T. A. & Cougle, J. R. (2024). An experimental examination of appearance–related safety behaviors in a clinical sample of women. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science (formerly Journal of Abnormal Psychology), 133 (5), 368–377.
• *Patel, T. A., *Schubert, F. T., & Cougle, J. R. (2024). Comorbidity and quality of life in DSM–5 social anxiety disorder among a nationally representative sample. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 85, 23m15217.
• *Stewart, R. A., *Jones, D. N., Joyner, K. J., McDermott, K. A., Cougle, J. R., & Patrick, C. J. (2024). Evidence for a transdiagnostic factor underlying disorder–specific measures of physical appearance concerns. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 46, 473–483.
• *Patel, T. A., *Stentz, L. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2024). A multi–method analysis of the role of social safety behavior in loneliness. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 48, 414–425.
• *Preston, T. J., Cougle, J. R., Schmidt, N. B., & Macatee, R. J. (2024). Decomposing the late positive potential to cannabis cues in regular cannabis users: A temporal–spatial principal component analysis. Psychophysiology, 64, e14471.
• *Zech, J. M., *Patel, T. A., Zvolensky, M. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2024). Interpretation bias modification for hostility to facilitate smoking cessation in a sample with elevated trait anger: A randomized trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 175, 104499.
• *Afshar, K., Cougle, J. R., Schmidt, N. B., & Macatee, R. J. (2023). Impact of a brief distress intolerance intervention on acute stress modulation of response inhibition neurophysiology in cannabis use disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 147, 107811.
• *Patel, T. A., *Schubert, F. T., *Zech, J. M., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Prevalence and correlates of cannabis use among individuals with DSM-5 social anxiety disorder: Findings from a nationally representative sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 163, 406–412.
• *Patel, T. A., *Wilver, N. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Appearance-related safety behaviors predict symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder following internet-based treatment. Body Image, 46, 84–89.
• *Patel, T. A., Grubaugh, A. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Demographic and clinical correlates of social anxiety disorder among U.S. veterans: Findings from the NESARC-III study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 58, 1019–1028.
• *Patel, T. A. & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Submissive behavior as a transdiagnostic construct: Associations with internalizing symptoms and distress intolerance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 79, 1314–1327.
• *Patel, T. A., *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Development of a forced choice assessment of appearance importance: The Appearance Preference Task (APT). Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47, 232 –242.
• *Zech, J. M., *Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Safety behaviors predict long-term treatment outcome following internet-based treatment of adults with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47, 412 –422.
• *Patel, T. A., *Summers, B. J., *Wilver, N. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Reliability and validity of the self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS). Assessment, 30, 1935 –1946.
• *Mueller, N. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). Building closer friendships in social anxiety disorder: A randomized control trial of an internet-based intervention. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 78, 101799.
• *Redden, S. A., *Mueller, N. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2023). The impact of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in perfectionism. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 27, 18 –24.
• Macatee, R. J., Preston, T. J., Afshar, K., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Impact of a computerized distress intolerance intervention on electrocortical reactivity to cannabis and threat cues: A randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 36(7), 920–929.
• *Stentz, L. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Effects of safety behavior fading on social anxiety and emotional disclosure. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 157, 104165.
• *Patel, T. A., *Stewart, R. A., *Summers, B. J., *Wilver, N. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). A self-report assessment of appearance-related safety behaviors: Development and psychometric properties. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 50, 604-619.
• *Redden, S. A., *Patel, T. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Computerized treatment of perfectionism through mistake making: A preliminary test. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 77, 101771.
• Cougle, J. R., & Grubaugh, A. L. (2022). Do psychosocial treatment outcomes vary by race or ethnicity? A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 96, 102192.
• *Patel, T. A., *Schubert, F. T., Hom, M. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Correlates of treatment seeking in individuals with social anxiety disorder: Findings from a nationally representative sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 91, 102616.
• *Stentz, L. A., *Wilver, N. L., *McDermott, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Effects of safety behavior fading on bulimic symptoms and drive for thinness. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46, 1006-1015.
• *Musacchio-Schafer, K., *Daurio, A., *French., J. A., Meltzer, A., Cougle, J. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2022). The link between anger and suicidal ideation: Investigations in two samples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78, 1866-1877.
• *Stewart, R. A., *Patel, T. A., *McDermott, K. A., & Cougle, J.R. (2022). Functional and structural social support in DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders: A population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 308, 528-534.
• *Mueller, N. E., *Duffy, M. E., *Stewart, R. A., Joiner, T. E, & Cougle, J. R. (2022). Quality over quantity? The role of social contact frequency and closeness in suicidal ideation and attempt. Journal of Affective Disorders, 298, 248-255.
• *Jordan, C. D., *Stewart, R. A., Brush, C. J., Cougle, J. R., & Hajcak, G. (2022). Appearance concerns are uniquely associated with LPP amplitude to pictures of oneself. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 17, 430-436.
• *Mueller, N. E., *McDermott, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2021). The role of safety behaviors in the relationship between social anxiety and marijuana use problems. Substance Use and Misuse, 56, 1305-1311.
• van Teffelen, M. W., Lobbestael, J., Voncken, M., Cougle, J. R., & Peeters, F. (2021). Interpretation bias modification for hostility: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 89, 421-434.
• *Macatee, R. J., Albanese, B. J., *Okey, S. A., Afshar, K., Carr, M., Rosenthal, M. Z., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2021). Impact of a computerized intervention for high distress intolerance on cannabis use outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 121, 108194.
• *McDermott, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2021). Disengagement training for the treatment of pathological worry: A preliminary test. Behavior Therapy, 52, 86-98.
• *McDermott, K. A., Fitch, K., Dillon, K. H., *Mueller, N. E., *Carlton, C. N., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2020). Development of the Response to Fearful Situations Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48, 688-704.
• *Summers, B. J., *Wilver, N. L., *Garratt, G., & Cougle, J. R. (2020). A multi-method analysis of incompleteness and visual ‘not just right’ experiences in body dysmorphic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 51, 764-773.
• *Mathes, B. M., Day, T. N., Wilver, N. L., Redden, S. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2020). Indices of change in exposure and response prevention for contamination-based OCD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 133, 103707.
• Cougle, J. R., *Mueller, N. E., *McDermott, K. A., *Wilver, N. L., *Carlton, C. N., & *Okey, S. A. (2020). Text message safety behavior reduction for social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 445-454.
• *Duffy, M. E., *Mueller, N. E., Cougle, J. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2020). Perceived burdensomeness uniquely accounts for suicidal ideation severity in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 266, 43-48.
• Cougle, J. R., *Wilver, N. L., *Day, T. N., *Summers, B. J., *Okey, S. A., & *Carlton, C. N. (2020). Interpretation bias modification versus progressive muscle relaxation for social anxiety disorder: A web-based controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 51, 99-112.
• Cougle, J. R., *McDermott, K. A., Hakes, J. K., & *Joyner, K. J. (2020). Personality disorders and social support in cannabis dependence: A comparison with alcohol dependence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 26-31.
• *Wilver, N. L., *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2020). Effects of safety behavior fading on appearance concerns and related symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 65-74.
• McKay, D., Abramowitz, J., Newman, M. G., Buckner, J. D., Elhai, J. D., Coles, M., Smits, J. A. J., Timpano, K. R., Kashdan, T. B., Badour, C. L., Cougle, J. R., Olatunji, B. O., & Comer, J. S. (2019). What mentors want in doctoral applicants to research intensive labs: Convergent and divergent perspectives. the Behavior Therapist, 42, 268-273.
• *Mathes, B. M., *Kennedy, G. A., Cougle, J. R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2019). An examination of the relationship between hoarding symptoms and hostility. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 111, 121-127.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Okey, S. A., *Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (in press). Distress intolerance moderation of motivated attention to cannabis and negative stimuli after induced stress among cannabis users: An ERP study. Addiction Biology, 24, 717-729.
• *Wilver, N. L., & Cougle, J. R. (in press). An internet-based controlled trial of interpretation bias modification versus progressive muscle relaxation for body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87, 257-269
• *Smith, H. L., *McDermott, K. A., *Carlton, C. N., & Cougle, J. R. (in press). Predictors of symptom outcome in interpretation bias modification for dysphoria. Behavior Therapy, 50, 646-658
• *Mathes, B. M., *McDermott, K. A., *Okey, S. A., *Vazquez, A., *Harvey, A. M., & Cougle, J. R. (in press). Mental contamination in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Associations with contamination symptoms and treatment response. Behavior Therapy, 50, 15-24.
• *McDermott, K. A., *Smith, H. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2019). An examination of perseverative thinking and perception of threat from emotion as mechanisms underlying the relationship between distress intolerance and internalizing symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43, 561-569.
• *Mathes, B. M., *Kennedy, G. A., *Wilver, N. L., *Carlton, C. N., & Cougle, J. R. (2019). A multi-method analysis of incompleteness in behavioral treatment of contamination-based OCD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 114, 1-6.
• *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). An experimental test of the role of appearance-related safety behaviors in body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(8), 770.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Albanese, B. J., Crane, N. A., *Okey, S. A., Cougle, J. R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2018). Distress intolerance moderation of neurophysiological markers of response inhibition after induced stress: Relations with cannabis use disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 32, 944-955.
• *Wilver, N. L., *Summers, B. J., *Garratt, G. H., *Carlton, C. N., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). An initial investigation of the unique relationship between disgust propensity and body dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatry Research, 269, 237-243.
• *Kennedy, G. A., *McDermott, K. A., *Mathes, B. M., *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). “Not just right” experiences account for unique variance in eating pathology. Eating Disorders, 26, 464-476.
• *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). Effects of an appearance-focused interpretation training intervention on eating disorder symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 46, 676-689.
• *McDermott, K. A., *Joyner, K. J., Hakes, J. K., *Okey, S. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). Pain interference and alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use disorder in a national sample of substance users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 53-59.
• *Summers, B. J., *Sarawgi, S., *Fitch, K. E., *Dillon, K. H., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). Six in vivo assessments of compulsive behavior: A validation study using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Assessment, 25, 483-497.
• *Smith, H. L., *Dillon, K. H., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). Modification of hostile interpretation bias in depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 49, 198-211.
• *Macatee, R. J., *McDermott, K. A., *Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2018). Distress intolerance moderation of attention to emotion: An eye-tracking study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42, 48-62.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Albanese, B. J., *Clancy, K., Allan, N. P., Bernat, E., Cougle, J. R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2018). Distress intolerance modulation of neurophysiological markers of cognitive control during a complex go/no-go task. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 12-29.
• *Hom, M. A., *Matheny, N. L., *Stanley, I. H., *Rogers, M. L., Cougle, J. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). Examining physical and sexual abuse histories as correlates of suicide risk among firefighters. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30, 672-681.
• Cougle, J. R., *Summers, B. J., Allan, N. P., *Dillon, K. H., *Smith, H. L., *Okey, S. A., & *Harvey, A. M. (2017). Hostile interpretation training for individuals with alcohol use disorder and elevated trait anger: A controlled trial of a web-based intervention. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 99, 57-66.
• *Matheny, N. L., *Summers, B. J., *Macatee, R. J., *Harvey, A. M., *Okey, S. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2017). A multi-method analysis of distress tolerance in body dysmorphic disorder.Body Image, 23, 50-60.
• *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2017). 'Not just right' experiences moderate the effects of interpretation training for individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 14, 84-89.
• *McDermott, K. A., *Smith, H. L., *Matheny, N. L., Cougle, J. R. (2017). Pain and multiple facets of anger and hostility in a sample seeking treatment for problematic anger. Psychiatry Research, 253, 311-317.
• *Matheny, N. L., *Smith, H. L., *Summers, B. J., *McDermott, K. A., *Macatee, R. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2017). The role of distress tolerance in multiple facets of hostility and willingness to forgive. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41 170-177.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2017). Attention bias towards negative emotional information and its relationship with daily worry in the context of acute stress: An eye-tracking study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 90, 96-110.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2017). The moderating influence of heart rate variability on stressor-elicited change in pupillary and attentional indices of emotional processing: An eye-tracking study. Biological Psychology, 123, 83-93.
• *Summers, B. J., *Matheny, N. L., & Cougle, J. R. (2017). 'Not just right' experiences and incompleteness in body dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatry Research, 247, 200-207.
• Cougle, J. R., *Summers, B. J., Harvey, A. M., *Dillon, K. H., & *Allan, N. P. (2016). Contamination-focused exposure as a treatment for disgust-based fears: A preliminary test in spider-fearful women. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44, 640-651.
• *Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2016). Modifying interpretation biases in body dysmorphic disorder: Evaluation of a brief computerized treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 87, 117-127.
• *Dillon, K. H., *Allan, N. P., Cougle, J. R., & Fincham, F. D. (2016). Measuring hostile interpretation bias: The WSAP-Hostility Scale. Assessment, 23, 707-719.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Albanese, B. J., *Allan, N. P., Schmidt, N. B. , & Cougle, J. R. (2016). Distress intolerance as a moderator of the relationship between daily stressors and affective symptoms: Tests of incremental and prospective relationships. Journal of Affective Disorders, 206, 125-132.
• *Smith, H. L., *Summers, B. J., *Dillon, K. H., *Macatee, R. J., & Cougle., J. R. (2016). Hostile interpretation bias in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 203, 9-13.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Allan, N. P., Gajewska, A., *Norr, A. M., *Medley-Raines, A., *Albanese, B., *Boffa, J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2016). Shared and distinct cognitive/affective mechanisms in intrusive cognition: An examination of worry and obsessions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 80-91.
• Cougle, J. R., Hakes, J. K., *Macatee, R. J., Zvolensky, M. J., *Chavarria, J. (2016). Probability and correlates of dependence among regular users of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and cocaine: Concurrent and prospective analyses of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77, e444-e450.
• *Smith, H. L., *Summers, B. J., *Dillon, K. H., & Cougle, J. R. (2016). Is worst-event trauma type related to PTSD symptom presentation and associated features? Jounal of Anxiety Disorders, 38, 55-61.
• Sachs-Ericsson, N. J., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Cougle, J. R., *Stanley, I. H., & *Sheffler, J. (2016). Combat exposure in early adulthood interacts with recent stressors to predict PTSD in aging male veterans. The Gerontologist, 56, 82-91.
• *Summers, B. J., *Matheny, N. L., *Sarawgi, S., & Cougle, J.R. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty in body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 16, 45-53.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Sarawgi, S., *Norr, A. M., *Oglesby, M. E., Lejuez, C. W., & Cougle, J. R. (2015). Behavioral assessment of risk-taking under uncertain threat: Associations with affect and pain tolerance. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 256-260.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Capron, D. W., *Guthrie, W., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2015). Distress tolerance and pathological worry: Tests of incremental and prospective relationships. Behavior Therapy, 46, 449-462. Behavior Therapy, 46, 449-462.
• Cougle, J. R., Hakes, J. K., *Macatee, R. J., *Chavarria, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015). Quality of life and risk of psychiatric disorders among regular users of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis: An analysis of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Journal of Psychiatric Research, 66-67, 135-141.
• *Macatee, R. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2015). Development and evaluation of a computerized intervention for low distress tolerance and its effect on performance on a neutralization task. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 48, 33-39.
• *Summers, B. J., *Fitch, K. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2014). Visual, tactile, and auditory 'not just right' experiences: Associations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and perfectionism. Behavior Therapy, 45, 678-689.
• Timpano, K. R., Shaw, A. M., Cougle, J. R., & *Fitch, K. E. (2014). A multi-faceted assessment of emotional tolerance and intensity in hoarding. Behavior Therapy, 45, 690-699.
• Cougle, J. R., *Hawkins, K.A., *Macatee, R. J., Zvolensky, M. J., & *Sarawgi, S. (2014). Trait hostility and hostile interpretation biases in daily smokers: Associations with reasons for smoking, motivation to quit, and early smoking lapse. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 907-911.
• Cougle, J. R., *Hawkins, K. A., *Macatee, R. J., Zvolensky, M.J., & *Sarawgi, S. (2014). Multiple facets of problematic anger in regular smokers: Exploring associations with smoking motives and cessation difficulties. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 881-885.
• *Hawkins, K. A., Hames, J. L., Ribeiro, J. D., Silva, C., Joiner, T. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2014). An examination of the relationship between anger and suicide risk through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 50, 59-65.
• Cougle, J. R., & Lee, H. J. (2014). Pathological and non-pathological features of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Revisiting basic assumptions of cognitive models. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3, 12-20.
• *Hawkins, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). The effects of nicotine on intrusive memories in non-smokers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21, 434-442.
• *Hawkins, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). A test of the unique and interactive roles of anger experience and expression in suicidality: Findings from a population-based study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 20, 959-963.
• Cougle, J. R., Timpano, K. R., *Sarawgi, S., *Smith, C. M., & *Fitch, K. E. (2013). A multi-modal investigation of the roles of distress tolerance and emotional reactivity in obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26, 478-492.
• Lee, H. J., Turkel, J. E., Cotter, S. P., Milliken, J. M., Cougle, J. R., Goetz, A. R., & Lesnick, A. M. (2013). Attentional bias toward personally-relevant health-threat words. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26, 478-492.
• Goetz, A. R., Lee, H-J., Cougle, J. R., Turkel, J. E. (2013). Disgust propensity and sensitivity: Differential relationships with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and behavioral approach task performance. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2, 412-419.
• *Macatee, R. J., *Capron, D. W., Schmidt, N. B. & Cougle, J. R. (2013). An examination of low distress tolerance and life stressors as factors underlying obsessions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 1462-1468.
• *Sarawgi, S., *Oglesby, M. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). Intolerance of uncertainty and obsessive-compulsive symptom expression. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 456-462.
• *Hawkins, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). Effects of interpretation training on hostile attribution bias and reactivity to interpersonal insult. Behavior Therapy, 44, 479-488.
• Goetz, A. R., Cougle, J. R., & Lee, H-J. (2013). Revisiting the factor structure of the 12-item Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised: Evidence for a third component. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 579-584.
• Cougle, J. R., & *Hawkins, K. A. (2013). Priming of courageous behavior: Contrast effects in spider fearful women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 896-902.
• *Hawkins, K. A., *Macatee, R. J., *Guthrie, W., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). Concurrent and prospective relations between distress tolerance, life stressors, and anger. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 434-445.
• Goetz, A. R., Lee, H-J., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). The association between health anxiety and disgust reactions in a contamination-based behavioral approach task. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26, 431-446.
• Cougle, J. R., Zvolensky, M. J., & *Hawkins, K. A. (2013). Delineating a relationship between problematic anger and cigarette smoking: A population-based study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15, 297-301.
• *Fitch, K. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). Perceived and actual information processing deficits in nonclinical hoarding. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2, 192-199.
• Cougle, J. R., Purdon, C., *Fitch, K. E., & *Hawkins, K. A. (2013). Clarifying relations between thought-action fusion, religiosity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms through consideration of intent. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 221-231.
• *Fitch, K. E., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). An evaluation of obsessive beliefs as predictors of performance on in vivo assessments of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 207-220.
• Cougle, J. R., *Fitch, K. E., *Jacobson, S., & Lee, H-J. (2013). A multi-method examination of the role of incompleteness in compulsive checking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27, 231-239.
• Cougle, J. R., Bernstein, A., Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., & *Macatee, R. J. (2013). Validation of self-report measures of emotional and physical distress tolerance. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35, 76-84.
• Cougle, J. R., Resnick, H., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2013). Factors associated with chronicity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective analysis of a national sample of women. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5, 43-49.
• *Macatee, R. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). The roles of emotional reactivity and tolerance in generalized, social, and health anxiety: A multi-method exploration. Behavior Therapy, 44, 39-50.
• Cougle, J.R., *Goetz, A.R., *Hawkins, K.A., & *Fitch, K.E. (2012). Guilt and compulsive washing: Experimental tests of interrelationships. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 358-366.
• Cougle, J.R., Kilpatrick, D.G., & Resnick, H. (2012). Defining traumatic events: Research findings and controversies. In J.G. Beckand D. Sloan (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Cougle, J.R. (2012). What makes a quality therapy? A consideration of parsimony, ease, and efficiency. Behavior Therapy, 43, 468-481.
• Capron, D.W., Cougle, J.R., Ribeiro, J.D., Joiner, T.E., & Schmidt, N.B. (2012). An interactive model of anxiety sensitivity relevant to suicide attempt history and future suicidal ideation. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 174-180.
• Cougle, J. R., Timpano, K. R., & *Goetz, A. R. (2012). Exploring the unique and interactive roles of distress tolerance and negative urgency in obsessions. Personality and Individual Differences, 52,515-520.
• Cougle, J.R., *Fitch, K.E., Fincham, F.D., Riccardi, C.J., Keough, M.E.,& Timpano, K.R. (2012). Excessive reassurance seeking and anxiety pathology: Tests of incremental associations and directionality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 117-125.
• Cougle, J.R., Timpano, K.R., *Fitch, K.E., & *Hawkins, K.A. (2011). Distress tolerance and obsessions: An integrative analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 906-914.
• Zvolensky, M.J., Cougle, J.R., Bonn-Miller, M.O., Norberg, M.M., Johnson, K.A., Kosiba, J., & Asmundson, G.J.G. (2011). Chronic pain and marijuana use among a nationally representative sample of adults. American Journal on Addictions, 20, 538-542.
• Cougle, J.R., Bonn-Miller, M.O., Vujanovic, A.A., Zvolensky, M.J., & *Hawkins, K.A. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use in a nationally representative sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 554-558.
• Cougle, J.R., *Goetz, A.R., *Fitch, K.E., & *Hawkins, K.A. (2011). Termination of washing compulsions: A problem of internal reference criteria or ‘not just right’ experience? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 801-805.
• *Hawkins, K.A., & Cougle, J.R. (2011). Anger problems across the anxiety disorders: Findings from a population-based study. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 145-152.